3, December 2002 184-192 Scott.
Expression can be involved with methods and actions, particularly professional practice in areas such as for instance school teaching (Allen, 1992; Beyer, 1989; Collier, 1999), nursing (Burns & Bulman, 2000), social work (Fook, 1996), and management “communities of practice” (Welsh & Dehler, 2004). Expression also generates inquiry and a look for meaning; it offers the possible to see things in means they’ve perhaps not been comprehended before. More merely, reflective practice plays a role in learning.
What i have learnt that will be forever helpful to me may be the ability to dialogue, this a very crucial instrument especially in a group work scenario. Once again it is good to hear the best choice as two wrongs can never create a right, it is totally unfair when associates refuse to tune in to the best choice, and clearly things will perhaps not go well. I have also learnt that in the future i realize clearly the foundation of my task before i start with focus on it, as this delayed my group from moving forward throughout the presentation, as though we were moving around in the same circle, before we got our priorities right.
“The way of reflection is most often dialogue through which subjective and objective experience is processed, questioned, and meaning is made of it. Expression through dialogue demonstrates students’ learning through their ability to conceptualize what they have discovered, the meaning it has because of their present and future, while the recognition that they’re neither exactly the same person because they were a couple of years previously nor should they be prepared to be considered a couple of years thus. Baker, Jensen, and Kolb (2002) labelled this method to learning “the inside-out approach.” Scott G. S (2010) p 433
In concluding this reflection report it’s interesting to note that “learning can be viewed as being a process of argumentation in which thinking, reflecting, experiencing and action are different facets of the same process”. It’s also a practical argumentation with oneself as well as in collaboration with others that actually forms the basis of learning. (Pavlica et al. 1998: 145) in Corley A and Eades E (2004, P 138)
Throughout the review of literature it had been noted based on Jeffrey D et al. (2000) that reflection isn’t a completely new process and some authors trace it to your work of Socrates, they continued to describe expression “as a process of disengaging from or stepping right back from an experience and taking time for you to deliberately and carefully review it, think about this and construct meaning from this, however expression is believed to have a past, present and future element.
In this report the author has been able to reflect generally concerning the past experience, looking through the beginning of the marketing communications master’s degree first impression, through to the present time that has related to the knowledge while writing up the dissertation, it’s also interesting to notice that the author also discussed briefly of future expectations and learning from the past experience that may positively affect the future work.
Having reflected on my experience from first day of university up until the times of my final dissertation, i will say i have actually enjoyed the entire process. Meeting friends from other areas of the planet was a positive thing to remember, with no exceptions of my tutors who were always there, and ready to help with whatever need we might have throughout the span of study. However i quit e agree utilizing the concept of personal reflections because it provides the chance to think right back while making amends as required. This in turn has a positive impact on someone.
Miriam Catterall, Pauline Maclaran, and Lorna Stevens (2010) Critical expression within the Marketing Curriculum Journal of Marketing Education, Vol. 24 # 3, December 2002 184-192
https://medium.com/@vladimirtrofimov049/3-best-business-essay-samples-89565e1951d8
Scott. G Susanne (2010) Improving Reflection Skills through Learning Portfolios:
An Empirical Test. Journal of Management Education 34(3) 430-457. The Author(s) , http://www. sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav
Fuguan Tan (2009) Tri-fold Transformation: A Global Adult Student’s Reflections on Online Learning.
Walker E. S (2006). Journal Writing as a Teaching Technique to Promote Reflection Journal of Athletic Training Vol. 41, No 2 p216-221
Klenowski Val and Lunt Ingrid (2008) Enhancing learning at doctoral level by using expression. Taylor & Francis
Walsh Anita (2009) Modes of expression: Is it possible to utilize both individual and collective expression to reconcile the ‘three-party knowledge interests’ in workplace learning? European Journal of Education, Vol. 44, # 3, 2009, Part I _1389 385
Aileen Corley and Elaine Eades (2004) ‘Becoming’ critically reflective practitioners: academics’ and students’ reflections in the problems involved. Pp. 137-144. Human Resource Development Global, Taylor and Francis Limited
Horton-Deutsch Sarah and Sherwood Gwen (2008) expression: a educational strategy to develop emotionally- competent nurse leaders. Journal of Nursing Management, 16, 946-954
Doyle, Wendy; Young, Jeffrey D (2000).Managing Development: Making the most Experience and expression. Fall2000, Vol. 25 Issue 3, p18
Marianne van Woerkom, (2010) Advances in Developing Human Resouces. The idea of Critical expression and Its Implications for Human Resource Development Advances in Developing Human Resources Vol. 6, number 2 p 178-192
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3964 words (16 pages) Essay
1st Jun 2020 Health Reference this
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This chapter supplies a comprehensive critical literature review of a small number of sources that are regarded as especially useful in exploring the two key themes of the dissertation. 1st of these themes may be the impact of substance abuse in the health associated with teenagers aged 13-19 in London, whilst the second may be the impact of governmental techniques in tackling substance abuse amongst teenagers aged 13-19 in London. These themes are discussed utilizing the resources selected, while the quality, methodological approach, relevance and ethical and anti-oppressive methods are area of the critical review. The chapter finishes having a brief summary bringing these key ideas together.
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The first theme investigates the impact of substance abuse on particular facets of health on teenagers in London. You will find two key sources that form the core of the critical review for this theme. However, neither of those connect with the target population, as well as in each instance some extrapolation of findings is created to be able to describe the likely traits of 13 – 19 years’ olds in London.
The foremost is source may be the case-controlled study carried away by Di Forti et al (2015:1), and shortly discussed in Chapter Two above. Looking more closely only at that study, and reviewing it critically, it still continues to be a helpful article, because it is targeted on the mental health impacts of cannabis and shows a definite association between your use of the drug in its high effectiveness kind (skunk) and psychosis. It may perhaps not at first appear that the study is pertinent considering the fact that it started in 2005. However, it continued recruiting for over 6 years, and amassed an abundance of data on those individuals abusing drugs – specifically high effectiveness and easily available cannabis.
The study study used a primary research methodology. For the recruitment of instances, the authors approached all patients (18 – 65 years) with first episode psychosis presenting at the inpatient units associated with South London and Maudsley Hospital. They invited people to take part in the research only when they met the International Classification of Diseases 10 criteria for a diagnosis of non-affective (F20–F29) or affective (F30–F33) psychosis, which they validated by administering the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) (Di Forti et al, 2015:2). For the controls, the authors used internet and newspaper advertisements as well as distributed leaflets on public transport as well as in shops and task centres. The controls received the Psychosis Screening Questionnaire and were excluded when they met the criteria for a psychotic disorder. Whilst the two groups only included the last 2 yrs associated with target population group with this study i.e. 18 and 19 year olds, it was a study located in London, and on analysis seemed to indicate a number of traits which were sensed to be helpful for providing information that could be helpful for younger teenagers.
All participants (instances and controls) contained in the study offered written informed consent under the ethical approval obtained from the Institute of Psychiatry Local Research Ethics Committee. There did not appear to be any unethical methods, however the study had the possible to be oppressive as by the character associated with patients presenting at the clinics, and by the character of the use of skunk, being more likely to be of particular ethnic groups – especially of black West Indian origin – it could be argued that the research to some extent misrepresented the populations of south west London, and more particularly, the West Indian communities found there. Quite simply, the inclusion of participants from these origins may be prone to offer observers an unjust view associated with ethnic group or associated with population of this section of London in general.
The technique combined with the participants ended up being quantitative and involved questionnaire assessments, particularly socioeconomic data while the Cannabis Experience Questionnaire modified version (CEQmv) which included data on history of utilization of alcohol. tobacco, alcohol, virtually any utilization of recreational drugs, and detail by detail information on cannabis use (i.e. first use age, use duration, frequency of use, form of cannabis used) (Di Forti et al, 2015:2). Between 2005 and 2011, the researchers approached 606 patients of which 145 (24%) refused to take part, therefore 461 patients with first-episode psychosis were recruited. Utilizing a selection of statistical tests, and adjusting for several variables such as the variables for frequency of cannabis use and the variety of cannabis used, as well as in combining these the authors discovered that controls were more likely to be occasional users of hash, as the frequent users were more likely to be utilizing skunk. Additionally they found, utilizing logistic regression, that those individuals that has started utilizing cannabis at a younger age had a greater danger of developing psychotic episodes (Di Forti et al, 2015:5).
The second resource to be analysed was the research by McCardle (2004). It was a literature review concentrating on the impacts of substance abuse by children and young adults. Although this did not utilize primary research, it supplied a good analysis of a quantity of other studies. Even though age of this study designed it might have had limited relevance to teenagers in 2017, in fact the research related straight to the findings of this later Di Forti et al study. It was because McCardle (2004:1) discovered that cannabis ended up being becoming stronger than it absolutely was within the past – just as Di Forti et al discovered that skunk use ended up being increasing and that it was of a higher effectiveness than previously. McCardle (2004:2) also discovered that there was a variety of mental health problems resulting from the employment of cannabis, including a heightened risk of suicide, as well as an increase in aggressive, disassociated behaviours, anxiety, depression along with other similar issues (McCardle, 2004:2). Another helpful facet of this research ended up being it identified the issues of terminology associated with the gathering and analysis of data – so many different terms are utilized that it’s frequently hard to ascertain accurate trends and outcomes (McCardle, 2004:3). Although it might have been preferred to possess used a London based source or one which engaged participants associated with target age bracket though a primary method, the possible lack of sourced elements of educational literature designed that this study ended up being valuable in that it analysed other studies, as well as existing datasets from the UK government. The content also centered on the social impacts of cannabis, for instance, looking at the developmental impacts, while the side effects on education, both of that could result in poor outcomes when it comes to quality of life and attainment in later life.
The findings from these two articles supplied valid proof of the relationship between your utilization of cannabis and mental, emotional, social and physical health of teenagers and young adults. Though there ended up being limited focus on the population age target group for the dissertation particularly, both articles supplied relevant sights, which is possible to extrapolate from them to declare that teenagers in London engaged in cannabis abuse have become apt to be prone to experiencing the various health impacts identified above.
Finding educational research sources that focused on current government techniques targeted at the target group located in London ended up being really challenging. For the newest strategy – the difficult Families Programme, Lambert and Crossley (2017:1) get to the very heart associated with ethical and oppressive methods issue, because they argue that this government strategy is one of a wider spectrum of policies that locates issues in the household itself, and which emphasises behaviour as the target for action regardless of the socio-economic influences which exist. This may be a review study – critically reviewing a method – and is really current, due to the fact TFP has recently been revisited by the Government, that are considering an extension, despite evidence it hasn’t met its goals or expected outcomes. While this short article isn’t considering a bit of primary data, the authors have conducted primary data about this issue through interviews in the really recent past, while the article means these. They’ve discovered that TFP has continued the view of target families as an ‘underclass’, as ‘neighbours from hell’ and as expensive and incredibly hard to ‘treat’. Whilst the TFP took a holistic approach, utilizing one individual or team to do business with families on all their issues, Lambert and Crossley (2017:4), and others (Bonell et al, 2016) argue that the underlying attitude for the Government and associated with strategy designed that its approach ended up being unlikely to achieve success.
This chapter showed that there were clearly connected health impacts by using cannabis; many of these impacts were severe, and often included mental illness and behavioural change, particularly where high effectiveness cannabis ended up being used. It also showed that despite many years of government techniques and policies, there still doesn’t appear to be an answer that may reduce the use or impacts of cannabis along with other drugs. The final chapter provides an expression in the research undertaken with this dissertation, and provides some brief conclusions and recommendations.
In this final chapter, three tasks are completed. First, a reflective account associated with research is undertaken. In research and practice, expression on a task and outcome is essential since it offers the author utilizing the chance to look right back and study from their actions. You will find in fact two kinds of expression, both of which can be applicable for this work. The first definition is that of ‘reflection’ which is regarded as a ‘process or activity’ that involves thinking and is judged to incorporate cognitive processes of problem finding and problem solving (Leitch and Day, 2000:180). The second variety of expression is that of ‘reflective practice’. This is actually the utilization of expression and reflective skills to transfer learnt knowledge i.e. theories to your application of these theories to your everyday methods of an individual. It has been proved to be extremely important for individual practitioners because it aids their ability to master from their actions and associated outcomes, and enables them to build up improvements considering experience and theoretical knowledge (White et al, 2016:9).
There are two main models of expression you can use to guide the reflective researcher or the reflective practitioner. These are Kolb’s model of experiential learning (Kolb, 1984) and Gibbs’ reflective cycle (Gibbs, 1988). Gibbs developed his model being a refinement associated with earlier Kolb model, which is Gibbs’ model that is used in this dissertation.
The Gibbs Model supplies a researcher utilizing the chance to gain a deep knowledge of exactly what they’ve learned (Park and Kastanis, 2009:11) while the talents and weaknesses of the work, their underlying values, the insufficiency of the approach, and regions of improvement (Park and Son, 2012:3). For these reasons the Gibbs Model are applied below.
4.1.1 The Knowledge
The process of writing the dissertation ended up being both challenging and enjoyable. It had been enjoyable because any research activity is one of problem solving and of looking for information, and both of these activities can be quite satisfying once they end in discovering something new. While primary research is frequently viewed as probably the most valid form of activity, in fact secondary research, based because it is in the gathering of existing data, while the synthesis of that data to suggest new outcomes or findings, may be just like valid, and just because difficult as carrying away processes that collect new or primary data.
4.1.2 The Challenges as well as the Achievements
As alluded to a quantity of times throughout this dissertation there were a number of difficulties or challenges. The option associated with topic was in retrospect a good one because it focussed on a population group in a specific location, London, that had clearly received little research focus previously. While there’s been substantial data gathered on drug use and abuse more generally in the UK and more generally across age ranges, little is done with regards to the 13 – 19 year old age group. In fact, it had been this aspect that caused the greatest difficulty in finishing the dissertation – the lack of resources and data available which were relevant to this age bracket, in London, for just about any form of substance abuse other than newspaper articles that often used the problem of substance abuse with regards to crime, ethnic minorities or deprivation, designed that the information that has been available needed to be used carefully. For instance, it had been possible to acquire educational resources such as that of Di Forti et al, that looked at drug abuse, particularly, cannabis, in London, but only two years of respondents in that study (18 and 19 year olds) match this dissertation, as the study by McCardle (2004) provided relevance to your wider age bracket (15 – 24) but wasn’t located in London, so could indicate some helpful outcomes but did not have particular locational knowledge. With regards to the techniques developed to address the problem, once again the sources of an educational nature were very limited, made even more challenging since the latest strategies, i.e. those that had happened within the past five years, have yet to undergo much educational analysis, but because they are a very different approach from those used 10 years or so ago, there is little point in attempting to evaluate those older approaches.
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Regardless of the difficulties outlined above, it had been sensed that there were quantity of positives obtained from the research. As there was this kind of dearth of resources available, this dissertation seems to provide new research and new analysis of data with this number of the populace in this location. As a result, the writer felt that the credibility of the selection of topic and their research approach ended up being justified to some extent. When it comes to time management, it had been sensed that the study ended up being planned well, and although the look for data and resources took longer than expected, it had been still possible to include the timing required to the overall research schedule. The study also challenged the overall thinking and judgements held by the author in the beginning of the process. Whilst it had been sensed that some extent of knowledge occured about these problems, there were some preconceptions held about the variety of teenagers that participated in substance abuse. The gathering of this data enabled the author to challenge those preconceptions particularly with regards to the factors that cause folks of this age to start abusing drugs. This new understanding allowed the author to begin to see the problems differently.
4.1.3 Changes Required
There are certainly a quantity of changes that could be implemented to help make the research easier and also to address the question of limited resources. Firstly, the age range would be extended to incorporate children from the age of 0 years to 24 or 25 years, as this would enable more data sources to be used, as well as might be more easily analysed and extrapolation designed for teenage years. Second, the inclusion of substance abuse by parents impacting in the health of the children would be included, as this issue has consistently emerged being a key problem for children and teenagers through the data collection, and may be considered a major element in determining whether teenagers take part in drug use and abuse. Finally, although London would still be the locational focus, just because a lot of data that is collected for London while the South-East, the locational boundaries would be stretched to include this area in the research. If these changes were put in spot, it might be a positive exercise to undertake the study process once again to see if it had been possible to acquire data and achieve findings which were even more valuable than those already developed.
4.1.4 Applying the Gibb’s Type of Expression
Having applied Gibbs’ model of expression it is useful to observe that the expression that is completed in stages can result in a targeted strategy, that may form the framework for new research. Gibbs’ model doesn’t always allow for complexity, however, because it is really a linear-cyclical model, and utilized in this way cannot represent the countless complexities and variables that characterise the problem of substance abuse amongst teenagers.
The study question that this dissertation attempted to examine ended up being:
Exactly What patterns of substance abuse occur amongst teenagers in London, and what are the reasons, health impacts and possible solutions?
Regardless of the difficulties in getting particular data for teenagers aged 13 – 19 in London, there was adequate information available in order to offer a solution for this research question. From the prevalence perspective, the information showed that whilst the prevalence of substance abuse was decreasing overall, there were regions of London that had disproportionately higher levels, particularly amongst particular ethnic groups. However, amongst all drug abusers, cannabis was the most used drug. What causes substance abuse amongst teenagers was found to become a complex combination of environmental, emotional, mental health and peer pressure related factors, and therefore addressing the issue is always going to be challenging for policy makers and health care providers.
With regards to the health impacts, the previous chapter has revealed that there is clear evidence that its use may be clearly related to health outcomes of mental health including psychosis while the development of schizophrenia for drug abusers of any age. Not just that, but it is also quite apparent that teenagers doing substance abuse are more likely to have other health related issues for their attitude to risk, and their participation in high-risk behaviours when they are intoxicated by the drug. These other issues include contracting STIs, teenage pregnancy, the taking of other drugs and substances that have more severe health impacts, taking part in criminal activities that may result in violence so that they can obtain money to purchase drugs and so forth.
Looking at the strategy that has of late been developed to try and address the issue of teenage drug use within London, it is apparent it hasn’t succeeded in its aims, objectives or goals. This appears to be the end result mostly associated with oppressive nature of most such techniques held by UK Governments over the past few years – an attitude that views those with substance abuse along with other issues, as ‘problem families’ that need to be ‘solved’, instead of attempting to really know very well what it is about society in general that leads to such families existing within the first place. a focus on social, economic and environmental problems rather than in the families by themselves might create a better outcome.
Having completed a review of the literature surrounding this issue, there are numerous key recommendations that can instantly be produced. 1st of these recommendations relates to the information readily available for this problem – as indicated previously, among the challenges of finishing this dissertation ended up being the paucity of data associated with the particular population being studied. It is, therefore, recommended, that scientific tests, or government agencies collecting data, should target this age bracket particularly when data is being collected about drug use or abuse. An alternate to this is for researchers to get the raw data from the different data collection agencies and sources, and also to extrapolate the data that crosses the boundaries associated with targeted populations group, and reprocess that data for the target age bracket. The second recommendation relates not to the information, but to your problems. It would appear that controlling the accessibility to drugs is difficult, particularly as you will find so many different kinds, and some, like cannabis, appear to be regularly available. As there appears to be an ongoing decrease in the amount of young adults utilizing these illegal drugs, it might sound right to capitalise on this trend by providing better educational initiatives to see folks of the potential risks for their health. It might be appropriate to try and determine which factors were most likely to cause teenagers to start abusing drugs and to find ways of addressing these factors more effectively than has been the scenario to date.
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2281 words (9 pages) Essay
14th May 2018 Biology Reference this
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The resting membrane potential (RMP) is definitely an electrical possible distinction in cells, occurring across their plasma membranes. The cytoplasm associated with cellular is electrically negative compared to the encompassing extracellular fluid, this distinction in electrical charge gives rise to your RMP. The RMP is important for the functioning of numerous electrically excitable cells including, neuronal cells, smooth and skeletal muscle mass cells, as well as cardiac myocytes, which through electrical impulses control the contractility associated with heart.
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In this essay the generation associated with resting membrane potential are explored, such as the ramifications of the Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium conditions, the structure and function of the plasma membrane, and how, utilizing the diffusion of ions via a semi permeable membrane they provide rise to the RMP. (Levy, N.